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目的:认识对全球儿童和青少年精神障碍社会防治服务系统及其系统性和连续性防护的概念,并分析欧洲、北美、南美、澳洲、亚洲及非洲不同地域和国家的防治现状。资料来源:应用计算机检索M edline数据库1980-01/2005-03期间的关于儿童和青少年精神障碍防治情况的文章,检索词“m entaldisorder,chil-dren and adolescents,care ”,限定文章语言种类为“English”。同时用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库和万方数据库1990-01/2005-03期间的文章,检索词“精神障碍、儿童与青少年,防治”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,以关于儿童和青少年精神障碍的防治现状为内容的综述性文章作为纳入对象。非综述性文章不作为纳入对象。资料提炼:共收集到58篇相关论文,其中13篇符合纳入标准,排除45篇。资料综合:对文献进行综合,描述欧洲、北美、南美、澳洲亚洲和非洲儿童和青少年精神障碍的防治现状。其中在欧洲、北美的防治工作开展较好,南美对儿童精神疾病的训练、教育和研究尚处于跋涉途中,澳洲的服务系统还需进一步完善,亚洲最主要的问题是缺乏专业医生,非洲正规的防护系统还未建立完善,家庭成为不正规的初级防护系统。结论:全球儿童与表少年精神障碍可获得的服务水平参差不齐。在服务原则上应进一步注意政策制定,注意文化差异和重视非政府组织的作用,开展流行病学调查,为防护人员提供更好的训练。
OBJECTIVES: To understand the concept of a global system of social protection for children and adolescents with mental disorders and their systematic and continuous protection and to analyze the status of prevention and treatment in different regions and countries in Europe, North and South America, Australia, Asia and Africa. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of the M edline database for articles on prevention and treatment of mental disorders in children and adolescents between 1980-01 and 2005-03 was conducted. The search term “m entaldisorder, chil-dren and adolescents, care” English “. At the same time, the articles of Chinese Journal Full-text Database and Wanfang Database from January 1990 to March 2005 were searched by computer. The term ”mental disorders, children and adolescents, prevention and treatment" was searched, and the language of articles was limited to Chinese. Data Selection: The data were first reviewed and included as review articles on the status of prevention and treatment of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Non-review articles are not included. Data Extraction: A total of 58 related papers were collected, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria and excluded 45 articles. DATA SYNTHESIS: The literature is synthesized to describe the current status of prevention and treatment of mental disorders in children and adolescents in Europe, North and South America, Australia and Asia and Africa. Among them, prevention and treatment work in Europe and North America has been carried out well. Training, education and research on mental illness in children in South America are still on the way. Australia’s service system needs to be further improved. The most important problem in Asia is the lack of professional doctors. The protection system has not yet been established and the family has become an irregular primary protection system. Conclusion: The levels of service available to children and adolescents worldwide are uneven. In service principle, further attention should be paid to policy formulation, attention to cultural differences and emphasis on the role of non-governmental organizations in carrying out epidemiological investigations to provide better training for defense workers.