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橡胶制品在受到一定的载荷作用时,会产生很大的弹性变形。用弹性理论方法来求介大变形问题往往是很困难的。因而用光弹实验的方法来求介橡胶制品在大变形情况下的应力——应变问题是一个有实际意义的途径。因此光弹材料的选择和材料的力学、光学性能试验是很有意义的。本项试验中光弹材料试件是采用邵氏硬度80°的聚氨酯橡胶和环氧树脂两种材料制作的。材料性能试验结果表明,当材料应变小于60%及条纹级数在20级以下时,应力与应变之间、应力与条纹之间基本上呈线性关系。在上述范围内用光弹性法对橡胶制品进行应力分析是符合实际情况的。在上述范围以外是否呈线性尚需进一步试验研究。
Rubber products in a certain role in the load, it will have a great deal of elastic deformation. It is often very difficult to find out the large deformation problem by using elastic theory. Therefore, using the method of photoelastic experiment to find out the stress-strain problem of rubber products under large deformation is a practical way. Therefore, photoelastic material selection and material mechanics, optical properties of the test is of great significance. In this test, the test pieces of the photoelastic material are made of polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin with Shore hardness of 80 °. The results of material property tests show that there is a linear relationship between stress and strain and between stress and streak when the material strain is less than 60% and the fringe number is below 20. In the above range by the photoelastic method of stress analysis of rubber products is in line with the actual situation. Whether it is linear outside the above range requires further experimental study.