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与前期明快的自然书写和敏锐的社会观察不同,1850年代以后,梭罗的作品更多转向田野调查和动植物研究。这类写作在一些批评家看来无非是数据的罗列,单调乏味,表明“作家创作力的衰退”。本文尝试从科学及浪漫主义的源流入手,以华兹华斯、雪莱以及梭罗本人的作品为例,揭示在19世纪后期严密的科学体系尚未建立之前,确实存在着一种与“真正的”科学不尽相同的“浪漫的”科学。值得注意的是,一方面,梭罗孜孜不倦地进行科学研究和著述,另一方面,他又对科学的局限性保持着清醒的认识。从这个意义上来说,梭罗后期写作的转向不仅拓展了文学的疆域,也展示出其思想的深刻性与现代性。
Unlike the pre-penitent natural writing and sharp social observation, after the 1850s, Thoreau’s work turned to fieldwork and animal and plant research. This type of writing, in the eyes of some critics, is nothing more than a listing of data that is tedious and indicative of a “decline in the creative power of writers.” This paper attempts to start from the source of science and romanticism. Taking Wordsworth, Shelley and Thoreau’s own works as an example, it reveals that before the close scientific system in the late 19th century was established, “Science is not the same ” romance "science. It is noteworthy that on the one hand, Thoreau tirelessly carried out scientific research and writings, on the other hand, he maintained a clear understanding of the limitations of science. In this sense, the turn of later writings of Thoreau not only expanded the territory of literature, but also demonstrated the profoundness and modernity of his thought.