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讨论中国传统哲学的认识论,应该抛弃两种流行的说法:一种说法认为中国传统哲学的认识论与西方传统哲学的认识论无有区别。持此主张者常以中国墨家及名家的认识论为主要根据;另一种说法则宣布中国传统哲学总的来说没有认识论,认识论是中国传统哲学的一大缺损。这两种说法的一个共同点是,都将西方以自然客体为对象、以理性分析为方法、以探索自然规律为目的的自然认识论为认识论的全部内容和唯一标准来衡量一切认识形式。这两种说法都忽视了中国传统哲学认识论的特殊性,即中国传统哲学的认识论之基本特质和主要内容是道德认识论而非自然认识论。
To discuss the epistemology of Chinese traditional philosophy, we should discard two popular theories: one is that there is no difference between the epistemology of Chinese traditional philosophy and the epistemology of Western traditional philosophy. Mainly based on the epistemology of Chinese Mohism and masters who hold this claim, the other argument states that Chinese traditional philosophy generally has no epistemology, and epistemology is a major defect in Chinese traditional philosophy. One thing in common between these two theories is that all epistemic forms of knowledge are measured by the natural epistemology of the West in the view of the natural object as the object, the method of rational analysis as the objective, and the exploration of the law of nature as the whole content and sole criterion of epistemology. Both of these arguments ignore the particularity of Chinese traditional philosophical epistemology, that is, the basic traits and main contents of the epistemology of Chinese traditional philosophy are moral epistemology rather than natural epistemology.