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过去50年是个创造经济奇迹的时代。20世纪末21世纪初,中国是世界上经济增长最快的国家,创造了又一个经济奇迹。作为后发国家,中国经济持续高速增长的主要动力来自后发优势的充分发挥。后发优势就是后进国家相对于先进国家在发展过程中存在的客观有利条件,后发优势具有相对性、客观性、潜在性和递减性的特征。按要素分,后发优势有五种类型:资本、技术、劳动、制度和结构,改革开放使五种后发优势的潜力充分释放出来,汇成了一股强大的合力,推动中国经济持续高速增长。中国经济的高速增长是一种追赶型增长,由于后发优势具有递减性,未来中国经济增长速度将会比过去30年大幅放缓。但后发优势仍然存在,因此,中国经济还会在一段时间内保持一个较高的增长率。
The past 50 years have been an era of economic miracle. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, China was the country with the fastest economic growth in the world and created yet another economic miracle. As a latecomer country, the main driving force of China’s sustained and rapid economic growth comes from giving full play to the advantages of later generations. The advantage of backwardness is the objective and favorable conditions existing in the developing countries of the backward countries relative to the advanced ones. The backward advantages have the characteristics of relativity, objectivity, potential and diminishing. According to the factors, there are five types of back-end advantages: capital, technology, labor, system and structure. The reform and opening up fully release the potentials of the five backward advantages and merged into a powerful synergy to promote sustained and rapid economic growth in China increase. The rapid growth of China’s economy is a catch-up growth. Due to the declining advantages of its latecomers, China’s economic growth rate will substantially slow down in the future over the past 30 years. However, the advantage of backwardness still exists. Therefore, the Chinese economy will maintain a relatively high growth rate for some time.