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目的探讨建湖县儿童病毒性脑炎流行的病因、流行规律及特征,为建湖县病毒性脑炎的诊断与防治提供科学依据。方法对2009年在建湖县人民医院儿科临床诊断为病毒性脑炎的146例病例进行流行病学调查。结果 146例患者10岁以下的占82.88%;男性占69.18%,女性占30.82%;5—7月为发病高峰。临床主要表现为突然发病,发热患者占75.3%,热程平均3 d;头痛占89.7%,80%的患者头痛不超过3 d;呕吐占68.5%,多为非喷射状;嗜睡占43.2%。脑电图以轻中度异常为主,17.0%血常规正常,脑脊液检查74.7%颅内压力增高,18.1%蛋白含量增高,19.3%细胞数增加。结论该县2009年8个月内发生146例病毒性脑炎、脑膜炎病例,应引起重视,加强监测工作是预防和控制病毒性脑炎流行的关键。
Objective To investigate the etiopathogenisis, prevalence and characteristics of viral encephalitis in Jianhu County and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and prevention of viral encephalitis in Jianhu County. Methods A total of 146 cases of viral encephalitis in pediatrics of Jianhu County People’s Hospital in 2009 were investigated by epidemiology. Results 146 cases of patients under the age of 10 accounted for 82.88%; men accounted for 69.18%, women accounted for 30.82%; 5-7 months for the peak incidence. Clinical manifestations of sudden onset, fever accounted for 75.3% of patients, the average heat stroke 3 d; headache accounted for 89.7%, 80% of patients with headache does not exceed 3 days; vomiting accounted for 68.5%, mostly non-jet; drowsiness 43.2%. EEG mainly in mild to moderate abnormalities, 17.0% of normal blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid examination of 74.7% increased intracranial pressure, 18.1% protein content increased, 19.3% of the cells increased. Conclusions There are 146 cases of viral encephalitis and meningitis occurring within 8 months in 2009 in this county. It is necessary to pay more attention to this problem. Strengthening monitoring is the key to prevent and control the epidemic of viral encephalitis.