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徽商,俗称徽帮,又称新安商人。徽商崛起于明代中叶,相当于明代成化、弘治年间(1465～1505年),此后在历史上辉煌达300余年之久。在徽商经营的行业中,以盐业、典当业、茶业、木业为支柱行业,其次为米、谷、棉布、丝绸、纸、墨、瓷器等。其中婺源人多为茶商、木商,歙县人多是盐商,绩溪人多经营菜馆业,休宁人多从事典当商,而祁门、黟县人则以经营布匹、杂货为多。明清时期,徽商盛极一时,富堪敌国。如清朝时在扬州从事盐业的徽商,资本有白银四、五千万两,而清朝最鼎盛时期国库存银不过7000万两。清代乾隆末年,中外贸易出现巨额顺差,在出口商品中,由徽商垄断经营的茶叶位居第一。
Hui Merchants, commonly known as Hui Bang, also known as Xinan businessmen. The rise of merchants in the mid Ming Dynasty, the equivalent of Chenghua Chenghua, Hongzhi years (1465 ~ 1505 years), since then brilliant in history up to 300 years. Among the industries run by Huizhou Merchants, salt, pawn industry, tea industry and wood industry are the pillar industries, followed by rice, grain, cotton cloth, silk, paper, ink and porcelain. Among them, many Wuyuan tea merchants, wood merchants, most people in Yixian salt merchants, Jixi many operators of the restaurant industry, Xiuning mostly engaged in pawn shops, and Qimen, Qixian people to operate cloth, groceries and more. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Huizhou merchants flourished and became rich in enemy countries. As in the Qing Dynasty in Yangzhou salt industry in the merchants, the capital of four or fifty million two silver, while the Qing Dynasty, the most valuable period of treasury stocks, but 70 million two. In the late Qing dynasty, there was a huge surplus in Chinese and foreign trade. In the export commodities, the tea monopolized by Huizhou merchants ranked first.