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对８０例小儿急性白血病（ＡＬ）进行了骨髓染色体检查。结果表明，在７１例初诊及复发的ＡＬ中，７０．０％的急性非淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＮＬＬ）、５２．６％的急性淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＬ）及６６．７％的杂合性白血病（ＨＡＬ）有异常核型，６例完全缓解（ＣＲ）及３例长期持续完全缓解（ＣＣＲ）病儿的核型均正常。对２７例病儿进了不同时期染色体核型的动态观察表明，染色体核型类型与临床及预后的关系十分密切。具有ｔ（８；２１）伴Ｙ染色体丢失者多见于ＡＭＬ－Ｍ２型且预后不良；６ｑ－多见于ＡＬＬ－Ｌ，Ｌ２型，预后较好；ｉｎｖ（１６）主要见于ＡＮＬＬ－Ｍ４ＥＯ型。出现继发性染色体改变及亚二倍改变的ＡＮＬＬ较ＡＬＬ预后差，具有多倍体核型者预后极差。提示骨髓染色体检查对小儿急性白血病诊断分型、指导治疗及判断预后都有一定的价值。
Eighty children with acute leukemia (AL) had a chromosomal examination of the bone marrow. The results showed that 70.0% of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), 52.6% of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 66.7% of heterozygous leukemia (ALL) in 71 newly diagnosed and relapsed AL patients HAL) had abnormal karyotypes, karyotypes were normal in 6 children with complete remission (CR) and 3 with long-term sustained complete remission (CCR). The dynamic observation of 27 karyotypes into different stages of karyotype showed that the relationship between karyotype and clinical and prognosis was very close. Patients with t (8; 21) with Y chromosome loss were more common in AML-M2 and had poor prognosis; 6q- was more common in ALL-L and L2 with a better prognosis; inv (16) was mainly found in ANLL-M4EO. ANLL with secondary chromosomal alterations and sub-doubling changes has poorer prognosis than ALL with poor prognosis with polyploid karyotype. Tip bone marrow chromosomal diagnosis of pediatric acute leukemia typing, guiding treatment and prognosis have a certain value.