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意大利作为世界闻名的中小企业王国,它的中小企业有着鲜明的特色。1.高度专业化分工和密切协作。中小企业规模小,势单力薄,单个企业很难实现系列化生产,但对单项产品或零部件实行专业化生产,则是其优势。意大利中小企业专业化形式多种多样,如产品专业化、零部件专业化、地区专业化、工艺专业化等。在高度专业化基础上,还出现了许多不同模式的中小企业工业区。2.完善有效的社会化服务系统。专业化和社会化服务系统是密不可分的:没有中小企业的专业化生产,就不会产生对社会化服务的需求;没有社会化服务系统的支持,中小企业的专业化生产也就难以为继。意大利中小企业的社会化服务系统由四个层次构成:第一,政府及公共机构所屑或公私合资的专门为中小企业提供服务的咨询机构、融资机构、科研机构。第二,行业协会。如,全国工业联合会中的中小企业委员会、全国中小企业联合会、全国手工业联合会及其下属行业协会、地区雇主协会,均属于此类服务机构。这些组织除担负着代表雇主利益的“政治职能”外,更多是向企业提供有关政策、法律、市场、技术、信贷等各方面的信息服务。地区雇主协会和行业雇主协会还经常举办培训班、技术讲座等。第三,各种专门的
As a world-famous SME kingdom, Italy has its own unique characteristics. 1. Highly specialized division of labor and close collaboration. Small and medium-sized enterprises are small in scale and weak in power, and it is very difficult for a single enterprise to realize serialized production. However, it is its advantage to implement specialized production for individual products or components. There are various forms of SME specialization in Italy, such as specialization of products, specialization of spare parts, specialization of regions and specialization of craftsmanship. On the basis of a high degree of specialization, many different SME industrial zones have also emerged. 2. Perfect and effective social service system. Specialization and socialized service systems are inextricably linked: there is no demand for socialized services without the specialized production of SMEs; without the support of socialized service systems, the specialized production of SMEs will be difficult to sustain . The social service system of Italian SMEs consists of four levels: first, advisory bodies, financing institutions and research institutes that provide services to SMEs only by public-private partnerships shattered by the government and public institutions. Second, trade associations. For example, the SME Committee of the National Federation of Industries, the National Federation of Small and Medium Enterprises, the National Federation of Handicrafts and its subordinate trade associations, and the regional employers' associations all belong to such service agencies. In addition to assuming the “political functions” that represent the interests of employers, these organizations are more concerned with providing information services to enterprises in various aspects such as policies, laws, markets, technologies and credit. Regional employers 'associations and industry employers' associations also regularly hold training courses, technical seminars and more. Third, all kinds of special