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对语言意义的分析古希腊就已开始。亚里士多德用“分析能力”表示自己的主张,其分析的初始环节是语词分析。《范畴篇》通篇讨论语词的涵义与指称。作为命题主词,亚氏的“第一实体”与弗雷格的“对象”表面类似,实质不同。亚氏关于第二实体可作命题主词的主张与其通名理论密切相联。属种关系分析在亚氏理论中占有极重要地位。对量词的不同分析结果根源于对“存在”的不同理解和解释。虽然亚氏未分析命题主词所指的存在并不全面,但逻辑分析学派把主词所指局限于现实世界同样有失偏颇。对于提高分析能力来说,掌握方法固然重要,但更重要的是对语言分析宗旨的明确。
The analysis of the meaning of language has begun in ancient Greece. Aristotle used his “analytical ability” to express his own opinion. The initial part of his analysis is the analysis of the word. The term “category” discusses the meaning and allegation of words. As a proposition, Arista’s “first entity ” is similar in appearance to Frege’s “object ”. Aristotle’s claim that the second entity can be used as the proposition is closely related to its generic theory. Generic relationship analysis plays a very important role in Aristotle’s theory. The different analyzes of quantifiers result from different interpretations of “existence ”. Although Aristotle ’s unanalysed propositions do not mean existence in all, the school of logic analysis is also biased to confine the subject to the real world. To improve the analytical skills, master the method is important, but more important is the purpose of linguistic analysis is clear.