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沈从文在其长篇小说《长河》中写出了都市的现代文明和湘西的自然文明两种异质文明的碰撞和冲突。在小说中,现代文明以“新生活”、保安队长和战争阴影为象征,它是一种强势文明,侵入湘西自然文明,咄咄逼人,无可阻挡。后者以老水手、滕长顺一家、商会会长为象征,是一种弱势文明,面对现代文明的入侵,它避让消退,无可奈何。沈从文拒斥现代文明,他要在淳朴的自然文明中去寻找道德和人格的资源重建民族精神。因此,《长河》既体现了沈从文对社会现实的忧患和批判意识,又体现了他着眼于人类远景的理想和浪漫气质。
Shen Congwen wrote the collision and conflict between two modern civilizations in the city and the natural civilization in Xiangxi in his novel The Long River. In the novel, modern civilization is symbolized by “New Life ”, the captain of security and the shadow of war. It is a formidable civilization that invades the natural civilization in western Hunan and is overbearing and irresistible. The latter is a symbol of the old sailors, Teng Changshun, president of the Chamber of Commerce, is a weak civilization, in the face of the invasion of modern civilization, it avoids regression, helpless. Shen Congwen rejected the modern civilization. He wanted to find the resources of moral and personality in the simple natural civilization to rebuild the national spirit. Therefore, “The Long River” not only shows Shen’s concern and critique of social reality, but also reflects his ideal and romantic temperament that focus on the human vision.