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建设有中国特色的社会主义,首先必须从中国的实际出发。国企改革的出路,也必须从国力出发。实有国家资产只有近九千亿元,那就量力而行,缩小国企摊子,集中国家财力,少办,办好。 可保留三类国有企业: (1)关系国民经济命脉的大型、超大型企业,或垄断性行业; (2)某些高新技术产业; (3)公共福利性事业。 改革后的国有企业,或是国家独资公司,或是国家控股公司,均有三点与过去不同: 其一,大环境已由过去的计划经济的笼子变成市场经济的新天地,故有可能转换经营机制; 其二,过去是无限责任的行政单位,现在是有限责任的公司,政府可卸掉沉重的财政补贴包袱; 其三,脱离对政府的依附关系,政企分开,有可能真正成为独立自主的企业。 以上三类国企,只占国企的少数。但是,它们拥有的资本金总额、营业额均将居于举足轻重的地位,足以控制国民经济命脉和经济发展方向,余下的大多数国企应走民有民营化的改革之路。 根据上述国企的新思路,可对国企改革提出另一种设计方案: 1、首先认真清理国企债务,核
To build socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must first proceed from the reality of China. The way out for the reform of state-owned enterprises must also proceed from national strength. In fact, there are only nearly 900 billion yuan of state assets, so it can do what it takes to reduce the share of state-owned enterprises, concentrate the country’s financial resources, and do less with management. There are three types of state-owned enterprises that can be retained: (1) large-scale and super-large enterprises that are the lifeblood of the national economy, or monopolistic industries; (2) certain high-tech industries; and (3) public welfare programs. The reformed state-owned enterprises, either state-owned companies or state-controlled companies, have three differences from the past: First, the general environment has changed from the cage of the planned economy in the past to a new world in the market economy, so it is possible to change operations. Second, in the past, an administrative unit with unlimited liability was now a company with limited liability, and the government could remove heavy financial subsidies. Third, separation of government and enterprise from the government’s dependence on the government might actually become independent. enterprise. The above three types of state-owned enterprises only account for a small number of state-owned enterprises. However, the total amount of capital and turnover they own will play a decisive role. It will be sufficient to control the lifeline of the national economy and the direction of economic development. Most of the remaining state-owned enterprises should follow the path of privatization. According to the above-mentioned new ideas of state-owned enterprises, another design proposal for state-owned enterprise reform can be put forward: 1. First, seriously clean up the debts of state-owned enterprises, nuclear