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吴乾章先生(1910—1998)是直接参加了我国现代物理学研究从初创到蓬勃发展整个历程的为数不多的老物理学家之一,他为我国物理学在地磁、晶体分析和晶体生长领域的发展做出了重要贡献.吴先生1910年10月17日出生于海南岛澄迈县,1933年毕业于南京中央大学物理系.1934年考取中央研究院物理研究所的第一批研究生.1936年研究生毕业后,留中央研究院物理研究所从事地磁研究.1937年抗日战争爆发,地磁台西迁,吴乾章与同事一起辗转于苏、皖、赣、湘、桂、黔、川、闽八省,在极其艰苦的条件下,保护仪器,坚持地磁测量.1941年,他赴福建崇安参加日全食观测,获得日全食对地磁影响的完整资料.1949年3月吴乾章赴英国曼彻斯特大学理工学院物理系做研究生,转攻X射线晶体学.1951年,吴先生放弃了正在攻读的博士学位,回到解放后的祖国,进入中国科学院物理研究所,历任助理研究员、副研究员、研究员,并长期任晶体学研究室副主任、主任等职.1958-1967年期间,在原子能研究所兼任六室室主任,负责和指导中子衍射研究.他还倡导成立了中国硅酸盐学会人工晶体及材料专业委员会,积极推动我国人工晶体材料的发展.1998年10月10日,吴乾章先生病逝于北京,享年88岁.吴乾章先生是我国第一代“地磁人”.其后长期组织领导并参与晶体生长研究工作,是公认的我国晶体生长的主要奠基人.今年10月是吴先生诞辰100周年,本刊特约请吴先生的同事和家属撰写若干纪念文章,刊出此专辑,深切缅怀这位爱国敬业、谦虚和蔼、淡泊名利、无私奉献的先辈物理学家,并期望吴先生艰苦创业、无私奉献的精神能在我国物理学界永久传承.
Mr. Wu Qianzhang (1910-1998) was one of the few old physicists who took part in the study of modern physics in our country from start-up to vigorous development of the whole course. He is one of the few physicists in geophysics, crystal analysis and crystal growth in China Was born in October 17, 1910 in Chengmai County, Hainan Island, graduated from the Department of Physics, Nanjing Central University in 1933. In 1934 to obtain the first graduate school of Institute of Physics, Graduate Institute 1936 graduate student After graduation, I stayed in the Institute of Physics of the Academia Sinica and engaged in geomagnetic research. In 1937, when the Anti-Japanese War broke out, the geomagnetic station was moved westward and Wu Ganzhang and colleagues were removed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Fujian provinces. In extremely difficult conditions, to protect the instrument, adhere to the geomagnetic survey .1941, he went to Fujian Chongan to participate in total solar eclipse observation, access to the total solar eclipse on the geomagnetic impact of the complete information. March 1949 Wu Qianzhang to the University of Manchester Institute of Technology Department of Physics to do Graduate, X-ray crystallography .1951, Mr. Wu gave up his Ph.D. is studying, returned to the liberated motherland, entered the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, served as assistant Researcher, associate researcher and researcher, and has served as deputy director and director for a long time in the laboratory of crystallography. From 1958 to 1967, he was the director of six-chamber director in the Institute of Atomic Energy, responsible for and guiding the research of neutron diffraction. He also advocated the establishment of China Silicate Society of artificial crystal and materials professional committees, and actively promote the development of artificial crystal material in China. October 10, 1998, Mr. Wu Qian Zhang died in Beijing at the age of 88. Mr. Wu Qian Zhang is China’s first generation of “geomagnetic people ”After long-term organization and leadership and participation in crystal growth research is recognized as the main founder of crystal growth in China.This October is the 100th anniversary of Mr. Wu’s birthday, this article specially invited Mr. Wu’s colleagues and their families to write a number of memorial articles, Published this album, deeply cherish the memory of this patriotic dedication, modest affable, fame and fortune, selfless dedication of the predecessor physicist, and hope Mr. Wu arduous pioneering spirit of selfless dedication in China’s physics can be a lasting legacy.