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非金属材料具有耐高温、抗烧蚀、抗疲劳、重量轻、隔热性能好等优点,在宇航上得到了广泛的应用。精确测量非金属表面的瞬态温度是工程和科研中迫切需要解决的课题。本文讨论了玻璃钢、微晶玻璃、防热涂层、碳一碳复合材料表面的测温技术。非金属表面测温需要解决温度传感器在非金属表面的安装技术和标定传感器指示的温度讯号。文中介绍了热电偶在玻璃钢、微晶玻璃表面的安装方法,图示了粘贴式微型热电偶的结构和各种胶粘剂的使用方法。本文电点介绍三种标定瞬态表面温度的方法。对于玻璃钢,可以采用分层预埋热电偶的方法,通过测量玻璃钢剖面的瞬态温度分布曲线来“外推”玻璃钢表面的真实温度。第二种方法:采用“表面测温探头”作为标准的瞬态表面温度计对其它温度传感器进行现场标定。表面测温探头是一种能对导热误差进行自动补偿的测温装置。第三种方法:测量试件背面的瞬态温度加上理论计算的试件板厚温差作为标准的瞬态表面温度。采用这种方法检验了“表面测温探头”的精度。文中讨论的瞬态温度为10℃/秒、100℃/秒,试验是在碘钨灯加热器中进行的。文中也介绍了国外进行非金属表面温度测量的设备:热像仪,扫描式红外测温仅,表面测温探头和光导纤维测温装置等。
Non-metallic materials with high temperature, anti-erosion, anti-fatigue, light weight, good thermal insulation properties, has been widely used in space. Accurately measuring the transient temperature of non-metallic surfaces is a pressing issue to be solved in engineering and scientific research. This article discusses the glass fiber, glass-ceramic, thermal coatings, carbon-carbon composite surface temperature measurement techniques. Non-metallic surface temperature measurement need to solve the temperature sensor in the non-metallic surface mounting technology and calibration sensor temperature signal. The article introduces the installation method of the thermocouple on the surface of glass fiber reinforced plastic and glass-ceramic, and illustrates the structure of the adhesive miniature thermocouple and the usage of various adhesives. This paper introduces three kinds of point calibration method of transient surface temperature. For FRP, a layered thermocouple can be used to “extrapolate” the true temperature of the FRP surface by measuring the transient temperature profile of the FRP profile. The second method: the use of “surface temperature probe ” as a standard transient surface thermometer on-site calibration of other temperature sensors. Surface temperature probe is a thermal error can automatically compensate for temperature measurement device. The third method: measuring the back of the specimen transient temperature plus the theoretical calculation of specimen thickness temperature difference as a standard transient surface temperature. Using this method to test the “surface temperature probe ” accuracy. The transient temperatures discussed in this paper are 10 ° C / s and 100 ° C / s. The test was conducted in a tungsten halogen lamp heater. The article also introduces the foreign non-metallic surface temperature measurement equipment: thermal imager, scanning infrared temperature only, the surface temperature probe and optical fiber temperature measurement device.