论文部分内容阅读
目的对普兰店市1952～2008年麻疹发病的特点及免疫效果进行分析,为进一步控制和消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法将普兰店市1952年～2008年麻疹流行情况划分为三个阶段:无麻疹疫苗时期、有麻疹疫苗非计划免疫时期、计划免疫时期。采用描述性流行病学方法 ,对三个时期麻疹发病资料进行分析。结果无麻疹疫苗时期,平均发病率为566.73/10万,发病最高年份为1964年,高达2130.26/10万。开展免疫接种后发病率逐年下降,尤其是计划免疫巩固和消除时期(1984～2008年)效果显著,平均发病率为0.09/10万。麻疹发病的性别差异不显著,男女发病率比为1.09:1。发病季节高峰为3～5月。发病率与接种率两者呈高度负相关。结论开展计划免疫工作以来,麻疹的发病率大幅度下度,充分显示了免疫预防效果。目前,婴幼儿和成人发病所占比例显著增大,出现“双相移位”现象,预防婴幼儿(<1岁)和成人发病,是消除麻疹工作的关键。
Objective To analyze the characteristics and immune effect of measles from 1952 to 2008 in Pulandian and provide a scientific basis for further control and elimination of measles. Methods The epidemic situation of measles in Pulandian from 1952 to 2008 was divided into three stages: no measles vaccine period, non-planned measles vaccine immunization period and planned immunization period. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of measles in the three periods. Results In the period of no measles vaccine, the average incidence was 566.73 / 100000, the highest incidence in 1964, up to 2130.26 / 100000. The incidence of immunization decreased year by year, especially in the period of planned immune consolidation and elimination (from 1984 to 2008). The average incidence rate was 0.09 / 100000. The gender difference in the incidence of measles was not significant, and the incidence rate of males to females was 1.09: 1. The peak season for the onset of 3 to May. Morbidity and inoculation rates were both highly negatively correlated. Conclusion Since the planned immunization work, the incidence of measles has been greatly reduced, which fully shows the effect of immunoprophylaxis. At present, the proportion of infants and young adults is significantly increased. The phenomenon of “biphasic shift” appears and the key to eliminating measles is to prevent infants and young children (<1 year old) and adult onset.