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AIM: To investigate the association of FAlSgene polymorphism with coeliac disease (CD) development.METHODS: FAS-G670A gene polymorphism, located in a gamma interferon activation site, was studied in 146 unrelated CD patients and 203 healthy ethnically matched controls. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used to identify FAS-G670A gene polymorphism.RESULTS: No significant difference was found in genotype frequency between CD cases and controls. In controls,however, the frequency of the GGgenotype was significantly higher in women (26.5%) than in men (12.8%) (OR= 2.44,95% CI1.15-5.20, P=0.020) and it was also higher in men with CD than controls (OR=2.60, 95% C70.96-7.05, P=0.061).The GG genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients with most severe villous atrophy (Marsh IIIc lesions)(OR=3.74, 95% CI 1.19-11.82, P=0.025). A significantly less proportion of men suffered from Marsh IIIc lesions than women (OR=0.20, 95% CI0.06-0.68, P=0.01). The risk of having severe villous atrophy increased with the additive effect of the Gallele in women (P=0.027 for trend, age and gender adjusted).CONCLUSION: FAS-G670A gene polymorphism is associated with the severity of villous atrophy in CD. Female gender is also associated with the severity of villous atrophy.