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传统德育强调说理、灌输和行为养成。毋庸质疑,在过去这是最具有实践效果的成功经验,现在仍然是重要的德育方式。然而,在价值多元化和关注个体自主性的今天,简单化的说理、灌输和行为养成教育方式所产生的德育效果却越来越低。其主要原因,就是强烈的外塑色彩的教育方式,往往造成对道德真正人性的遮蔽,致使道德外在化、知识化,无法内化为学生的自律原则和精神价值尺度。现实生活中学生明知有规矩却不守规矩,过于强调外在型道德教育带来的后果,就是出现了道德认知与道德行为不对称的现象。
Traditional moral education emphasizes reasoning, inculcation and behavior development. Needless to say, in the past, this is the most successful successful experience and is still an important moral education. However, with the diversification of values and individual autonomy, the effect of simplistic reasoning, instilling and behavior-forming education is getting lower and lower. The main reason is that the intense plasticity and color education often obscures the true humanity of morality, which leads to the externalization of morality and knowledgeability, which can not be internalized into students’ principle of self-discipline and spiritual value. Real-life students know that there are rules but do not abide by the rules, too much emphasis on the consequences of external moral education, there is the phenomenon of moral cognition and moral behavior.