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产科超声和胎儿磁共振检查水平的提高,使更多的胎儿解剖缺陷在产前得以诊断。其中部分胎儿畸形或异常,如胎儿膈疝、肺囊腺瘤、胸水、心脏畸形、腹壁缺损等疾病可损害胎儿重要脏器功能,导致其在宫内或出生后危及生命。尝试在胎儿期进行手术治疗可以改善或逆转胎儿的不良结局。胎儿手术分为产时宫外治疗(exutero intrapartum treatment,EXIT)、孕中晚期开放式宫内手术和孕期微创手术3
Improvements in obstetric ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging have led to more prenatal diagnosis of fetal anatomy. One part of the fetus deformity or abnormalities, such as fetal diaphragmatic hernia, pulmonary cystadenoma, pleural effusion, cardiac malformations, abdominal wall defects and other diseases can damage the function of important organs of the fetus, leading to its endangering or life-threatening after birth. Attempting to have surgery during the fetal period can improve or reverse the adverse outcome of the fetus. Fetal surgery is divided into exutero intrapartum treatment (exutero intrapartum treatment, EXIT), mid-second trimester open intrauterine surgery and minimally invasive surgery during pregnancy 3