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乡镇企业实现股份合作在聚集资金,转换企业经营机制等方面已产生了显著的效应.但我们在调查中发现,乡镇企业在推行股份合作制改革中还存在着许多值得重视的和急需解决的问题.反映在乡镇股份合作制自身方面,主要是:1、集体股、企业股所占比重过大.集体股、企业股所占比重一般在80%左右,高的达90%以上;而职工股金普遍在500元至2000元之间,职工股占企业总股比重一般不到20%.职工股金少、占总股的比重低,使他们难以感受到企业股份合作制改革与自己切身利益的紧密关系,加之相当部分企业股金实行“保息分红”,使股份合作制企业难以产生“同股同利,风险共担”的激励约束效应.2、相当部分的股份合作制企业民主管理
Township enterprises have achieved remarkable effects in the realization of shareholding cooperation in gathering funds and transforming the operating mechanism of enterprises. However, in our investigation, we found that there are still many issues that need to be addressed and urgently needed to be solved in the reform of the stock cooperative system by township and village enterprises. Reflected in the township stock cooperative system itself, the main aspects are: 1. The proportion of collective stocks and corporate stocks is too large. The proportion of collective stocks and corporate stocks is generally around 80%, and the share is as high as over 90%; and employee shares Gold is generally between 500 and 2,000 yuan, and employee shares account for less than 20% of the company’s total shares. Employees’ equity is low, and the proportion of total shares is low, making it difficult for them to feel the reform of corporate shareholding system and their vital interests. The close relationship, coupled with the implementation of “participation dividends” for a considerable portion of the company’s share capital, makes it difficult for the shareholding cooperative enterprise to generate incentives and constraints for “same-shares, same-benefit, and risk-sharing.” 2. A considerable portion of the joint-stock cooperative enterprise is democratically managed.