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在宁夏中部干旱带扬黄灌区,以先玉335号玉米为材料,冬灌改为播前灌,并在玉米大喇叭口后期至抽雄前(7月12日)和灌浆期(8月8日),采用膜孔灌溉方式补灌2水,研究地膜玉米不同补灌水量对玉米产量及其水分利用效率影响。结果表明:改冬灌为播前灌,可减少玉米拔节期1次灌水,其依据是苗期~拔节期耗水量少;进入大喇叭口期,耗水量增加;抽雄~灌浆期,需水达到高峰期,日耗水强度最高,这是玉米一生最关键需水期。本试验结论为:宁夏中部干旱带,地膜玉米在春灌底墒水条件下,膜孔方式补灌1350 m3/hm2和1800 m3/hm2水量,产量分别为10568.0 kg/hm2和10933.1 kg/hm2,水分利用效率为16.75 kg/(hm2.mm)和15.57 kg/(hm2.mm)。与大田畦灌灌溉定额3600 m3/hm2相比,可节水50.0%~62.5%,节约的水用来扩大中部干旱带灌溉面积,可取得节水增产双重效果。
In the Yellow River Irrigation Area in the Central Arid Region of Ningxia, the corn of Xian-yu No. 335 was used as the material, and the winter irrigation was changed to sowing before sowing. In the late stage of corn trumpet to tasseling (July 12) and filling stage (August 8) . Membrane hole irrigation was used to fill 2 water to study the effects of mulching with plastic film on the yield and water use efficiency of maize. The results showed that changing winter irrigation to sowing before sowing could reduce primary irrigation at jointing stage of corn, which was based on less water consumption at seedling stage to jointing stage. When entering the large bell mouth stage, water consumption increased; Period, the highest water intensity, which is the most critical maize life needs. The conclusion of this experiment is that in the middle arid zone of Ningxia, under the condition of spring irrigation water, plastic film mulching can fill 1350 m3 / hm2 and 1800 m3 / hm2 water with the yield of 10568.0 kg / hm2 and 10933.1 kg / hm2 respectively. Efficiency is 16.75 kg / (hm2.mm) and 15.57 kg / (hm2.mm). Compared with irrigated irrigated rice field of 3600 m3 / hm2, the water saving can be 50.0% -62.5%. The water saved can be used to expand the irrigated area in the arid region of central China and achieve the double effect of water saving and yield increase.