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自然科学家是民国时期知识分子的一个重要群体。他们不仅在科学技术领域和工业领域作出了重大贡献,在思想文化领域也有相当影响。一般而言,民国时期的科学家,对于西方文化均有较高的认同感。他们认为,西方文化的本质是科学和民主,因而推崇西方文化的科学精神和民主精神,尤其是其科学性的特质。对于中国传统文化,他们一般反对以等级秩序为特征的价值观,尤其强调儒家文化阻碍了科学的发展。但他们并不简单地否定中国传统文化的价值,对于前人的科技成果和科学精神,进行了认真的挖掘和褒扬。民国时期科学家中少数人由于对中国传统文化过于偏爱,成为文化保守主义者。
Natural scientists are an important group of intellectuals during the Republic of China. They not only made significant contributions not only in science and technology and in industry, but also in the field of ideology and culture. In general, scientists in the Republic of China had a high sense of identity with Western culture. In their opinion, the essence of Western culture is science and democracy, and thus respects the scientific and democratic spirit of Western culture, especially its scientific qualities. For traditional Chinese culture, they generally oppose the values characterized by hierarchical order, especially emphasizing that Confucianism hinders the development of science. However, they did not simply deny the value of Chinese traditional culture and earnestly tapped and praised the scientific and technological achievements and scientific spirit of their predecessors. During the Republic of China, a minority of scientists became cultural conservatives due to over-preference for traditional Chinese culture.