基因专利利益分享初探

• 作 者: 王建军
• 机 构: 公安部,
• 出 处: 法律适用
• 发表日期: 2010年09期
• 关键词: 专利权保护 利益分享 利益平衡机制 《专利法》 生物技术开发 动植物物种 许可费 公共物品 技术优势 专利权无效

一、问题的提出作为“人类自然遗产”的基因资源,随着动植物物种资源的不断减少和因生物技术迅猛发展对于基因资源需求的不断增加,已逐步由公共物品变为稀缺物品。同时,基因资源分布和生物技术开发与应用水平存在明显的国际差异,发达国家利用其资金、技术优势掠夺了大量的基因资源,而基因资源丰富的发展中国家仅处于基因提供者的位置。当前,发达国家的“生物剽窃”(biopiracy)事件频繁发生,举例如下。

First, the issue put forward As a “natural heritage of humanity” genetic resources, with the continuous reduction of animal and plant species resources and the rapid development of biotechnology for genetic resources has been increasing, has gradually become a scarcity of public goods. At the same time, there are obvious international differences in the distribution of genetic resources and the level of development and application of biotechnology. Developed countries use their funds and technological advantages to plunder large amounts of genetic resources, while genetically-rich developing countries are only in the position of genetic providers. At present, there are frequent “biopiracy” incidents in developed countries, for example as follows.