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为有效预防及控制建设项目安全事故,研究其事故演变的阶段性特征及其演化机理,并提出应对策略。在已有事故阶段性划分研究基础上,将建设项目安全事故划分为危机潜伏期、事故爆发期、蔓延期和终结期,采取尖点突变、诱因耦合、耗散结构等理论与方法分别分析4个阶段的演化机理。结果表明,在危机潜伏期,应注意预防与控制人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态及切断二者耦合路径;在事故爆发期,应采取控制人和管理因素等增加有效负熵,抵消正熵的措施;在事故蔓延期,应采取控制危险源、隔离或增阻等策略控制事故;在事故终结期,重在通过总结事故原因,反省事故教训。
In order to effectively prevent and control the safety accidents of construction projects, the staged characteristics and evolution mechanism of the accident evolution are studied and the coping strategies are put forward. Based on the research on the staged division of existing accidents, the safety incidents of construction projects are divided into the latent period of crisis, the period of explosion, the period of spread and the end of accidents. The theories and methods of cusp catastrophe, inducement coupling and dissipative structure are used to analyze 4 Stage of evolution mechanism. The results show that in the crisis period, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of unsafe behavior, the unsafe state of material and the cutting off of the coupling path between the two; in the accident period, the controller and management factors should be taken to increase the effective negative entropy to offset positive Entropy measures; in the period of the accident, should take the control of dangerous sources, isolation or resistance and other tactics to control accidents; at the end of the accident, focusing on the accident by reflecting the lessons learned from the accident.