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一、形态特征 狼牙刺(Sophora viciifolia Hance),又名马蹄针、白刺花、为碟形花科槐属的灌木树种。在形态上具有特殊的旱生化外形,叶面积小,叶、果上被有灰白色的茸毛,具有发达的枝刺和托叶刺。植株通常无主干,由基部发出甚多的分枝呈丛生状。黄河流域各地花期5～6月,果9～10月成熟。 二、生物学和生态学特性 (一)抗逆性强,为固定破碎地形的先锋树种 狼牙刺为强阳性树种,极喜光。主根很深,根系发达,极耐干旱瘠薄,适应性强。在大旱时能自落部分叶子,以减少蒸腾,维持生命。据调查,在陇东黄土地区残存的天然灌木林中,狼牙刺常生长在最严酷的生态条件下,一般多居于阳坡、半阳坡的中、上部,坡度以20～40°之间为多,40°以上
First, morphological characteristics Sophora viciifolia Hance, also known as horseshoe needles, white prickly flower, is a genus of discaceous Sophora shrubs. Morphology has a special shape of drought-resistant, small leaf area, leaves, fruit was gray hair, with developed branch prickles and care thorns. Plants are usually absent, with many branches branching from the base. Flowering throughout the Yellow River Basin from May to June, fruit from September to October mature. Second, the biological and ecological characteristics (A) the resistance is strong, as a pioneer of fixed and fragmented terrain Spike strong spiny tree species, very happy. Main root deep, well-developed root system, extremely resistant to drought infertility, adaptability. In the drought can fall part of the leaves, in order to reduce transpiration and maintain life. According to the survey, in the remaining natural shrubs in the loess region of east Gansu, spikes often grow under the most severe ecological conditions and generally live in the middle and upper parts of the sunny slope and the semi-sunny slope with a slope of 20 to 40 degrees As much as 40 ° or more