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目的探讨孕妇膳食指导和营养管理对母婴的影响。方法随机选取早孕建卡并进行常规产检的女性180例,分为管理组和对照组,每组90例。对照组孕妇于孕妇学校接受常规健康宣教及孕期管理,管理组孕妇除接受常规宣教外,还自愿到营养门诊进行体成分分析,接受个性化营养管理及膳食指导。比较两组孕妇孕期体重增加值及新生儿体重、妊娠并发症发生率和妊娠结局。结果管理组孕妇孕期总体重增加值和BMI增加值及新生儿出生体重均低于对照组(P<0.05)。管理组并发症发生率(7.78%)显著低于对照组(28.89%),管理组巨大儿出生率(2.22%)和剖宫产率(31.11%)均显著低于对照组(10.00%、45.56%)(均P<0.05)。结论指导孕期合理膳食,进行营养管理,控制体重,可降低巨大儿出生率、妊娠并发症发生率及剖宫产率。
Objective To investigate the effects of dietary guidance and nutrition management on pregnant women and mothers in pregnant women. Methods A total of 180 female women who were randomly selected for early pregnancy and routine check-up were divided into the management group and the control group, with 90 cases in each group. Pregnant women in the control group received routine health education and pregnancy management in pregnant women schools. In addition to receiving routine education, pregnant women in the control group voluntarily went to nutrition clinics for body composition analysis and received personalized nutrition management and diet guidance. The weight gain of pregnant women during pregnancy and the weight of newborns, pregnancy complications and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results The total weight gain, BMI increase and birth weight of pregnant women in control group were lower than those in control group (P <0.05). The incidence of complications in management group (7.78%) was significantly lower than that in control group (28.89%). The birth rate of macrosomia in management group (2.22%) and cesarean section rate (31.11%) were significantly lower in control group (10.00%, 45.56% ) (All P <0.05). Conclusions Guidance of reasonable diet during pregnancy, nutrition management, weight control can reduce the birth rate of giant children, the incidence of pregnancy complications and cesarean section rate.