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目的研究运动性心脏肥大时心肌细胞超微结构的变化规律及运动对心肌细胞的影响,为防治运动性心脏猝死提供科学依据。方法雄性SD大鼠31只。对照组不训练;有氧训练组(Ae组)每天训练75min;过度训练组(Oe组)大鼠尾部负重(体重的5%),每天训练180min。每周5天,共12周。取材后电镜观察。结果Ae组心肌细胞线粒体数目增多且轻度肿胀,基质尚均匀,线粒体膜完整。偶见少量电子密度高的致密体。细胞核增大,核周隙略增宽,偶见核膜皱缩呈齿状。Oe组线粒体数目比Ae组明显增多,肿胀更明显;有些线粒体中嵴紊乱,融合,甚至消失,基质颗粒消失;有的线粒体腔内出现大而不规则的絮状致密物,膜结构不清。细胞质内可见多个电子密度高的致密体。细胞核明显内陷,核周隙增宽。核浆不均匀,异染色质在核边缘部聚集,并有染色质明显凝聚,呈粗块状。结论运动使心脏发生适应性改变,同时也导致心肌细胞发生与衰老细胞相似的病理性改变。随着运动强度的增大,这些病理性变化越严重,甚至导致心肌细胞死亡。因此,过度运动对心肌细胞产生不利影响。
Objective To study the changes of myocardial ultrastructure during exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the effect of exercise on cardiomyocytes, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of exercise-induced sudden cardiac death. Methods Thirty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The control group was not trained. Aerobic training group (Ae group) was trained for 75 min every day. Over-training group (Oe group) rats were loaded with tail weight (5% of body weight) for 180 min everyday. 5 days a week for a total of 12 weeks. Observed after electron microscopy. Results The number of mitochondria in Ae group increased slightly and swollen slightly, the matrix was homogeneous and the mitochondrial membrane was intact. Occasionally a small amount of dense electron density. Increased nuclear, perinuclear space slightly broaden, and occasionally nuclear membrane shrinkage was dentate. The number of mitochondria in Oe group was significantly higher than that in Ae group, and the swelling was more obvious. Some mitochondria in the mitochondria were disorganized, confused or even disappeared, and matrix particles disappeared. Large and irregular flocculent dense material appeared in the mitochondria cavity with unclear membrane structure. Within the cytoplasm can see a number of dense electron density. Significantly depressed nuclei, nuclear pericycles widened. Unpredicted nuclear plasma, heterochromatin gathered in the edge of the nucleus, and chromatin was significantly condensed, was rough. Conclusion Exercise makes the heart adapt to changes in the heart, but also lead to cardiomyocytes and senescent cells similar pathological changes. With the increase of exercise intensity, these pathological changes more serious, and even lead to myocardial cell death. Therefore, excessive exercise adversely affects cardiomyocytes.