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车轴是铁路机车车辆的主要部件,当车轮滚动行驶时,要同时承受车辆的载荷和钢轨的反作用力。大部分车轴还要承受由于制动作用而产生的作用力。安装在机车和动车上的车轴,还要承受通过传动装置传递到轴上的扭转力矩。但是,这些部件是用能经受回转弯曲动负荷作用的圆钢制作的,因此,横向疲劳因素会导致产生裂纹。这种横向疲劳裂纹产生的可能性随运行里程的增加而增大,另外,突发性损伤因素的出现,亦会诱发车轮的疲
The axles are the main components of the railway rolling stock. When the wheels roll, they must bear the load of the vehicle and the reaction force of the rails at the same time. Most axles also bear the force of braking. Axles mounted on locomotives and mills, but also torsional torques transmitted to the shaft through gearing. However, these parts are made of round steel that can withstand the bending load of a rotary motion, so lateral fatigue causes cracks. The possibility of such lateral fatigue cracks increases with the running mileage increases, in addition, the emergence of sudden damage factors, will also lead to wheel fatigue