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政治心理作为政治体系得以维系或变革的重要基础,在政治学研究中往往被视作“民情”的一部分,它直接影响着政治体系的精神气质和运作绩效。对于中国这样一个农民大国和农业大国来说,农民群体作为主要的阶层构成和社会力量,他们的政治心理状况、由来及其效应,更是对当代中国的国家治理起到基础性的作用。但只有在1978年全面改革从农村开启之后,随着国家与农民关系的不断调整,农民群体在乡村治理转型的大背景下所发生的深刻变化,才逐渐从学术上吸引了来自不同学科研究者的极大关注。特别是20世纪90年代以来,国内外学术界逐步聚集了围绕我国农民政治心理的大量研究文献。总结来看,可以发现主要有社会心理、乡村政治和政治心理三大进路。在研究范式上,已经初步形成国民性范式、政治文化范式、意识形态范式、本土社会心理范式以及日常心理等范式。进一步反思则会发现,既有的农民政治心理研究,存在从研究对象、研究方法到研究旨趣等方面的诸多局限。今后我国农民政治心理研究的深化方向,应该是关注转变社会中的普通农民,并注重运用质性方法和国际比较,从而实现研究的本土性与国际化的交融。
Political psychology, as an important foundation for the maintenance or reform of the political system, is often regarded as part of “public sentiment ” in the study of political science. It directly affects the moral character and operational performance of the political system. For a peasant power and a big agrarian power in China, the peasant masses, as the main stratification and social forces, have their political and psychological conditions, their origins and their effects, and they have played a fundamental role in the governance of contemporary China. However, only after the comprehensive reform was launched in rural areas in 1978, with the continuous adjustment of the relations between the state and peasants, the profound changes that peasant groups took under the background of rural governance transformation gradually attracted scholars from different disciplines Great concern. Especially since the 1990s, a great deal of research literature has been gathered around the political psychology of peasants in our country gradually from the academic circles at home and abroad. In summary, we can find that there are three major approaches to social psychology, rural politics and political psychology. In the research paradigm, paradigms of national character, political culture, ideology, local social psychology and daily psychology have been initially formed. Further reflection will find that there are many limitations in the existing peasant political and psychological research from the research object, research method to research interest. In the future, the deepening of the research on peasants’ political psychology in our country should pay attention to the transformation of ordinary peasants in society and pay attention to the use of qualitative methods and international comparisons so as to realize the blending of the indigenous and international research.