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本文介绍了露天矿用穿孔爆破法破碎岩石的一系列研究。这些研究分为现场研究、计算机模拟和实验室试验。现场研究包括钻机和挖掘机监测、爆破震动观测和爆破过程的高速摄影。同时进行了炸药的爆压和爆速测量、破碎监测和块度分布的摄影分析。现场试验是在澳大利亚的煤矿和金属矿进行的。爆破的计算机模拟是用有限元模型进行的,以确定破碎程度和破碎块度的分布情况。对煤、铁矿石和锰矿石以及有关剥离物的试样进行了实验室试验,以确定断裂韧性和弹性模量等性能。对断裂韧性采用了四种不同的测量方法,其中包括今后选定作为标准试验法的V形切口试验。在爆破室也进行了模拟爆破,以验证爆破模型对破碎块度的预测。
This article describes a series of studies on the rock burst by opencast mining. These studies are divided into field studies, computer simulations and laboratory tests. Field studies include rig and excavator monitoring, blasting vibration observations, and high-speed photography of the blasting process. At the same time, explosives burst pressure and detonation velocity measurement, broken monitoring and block distribution photography analysis. Field tests were conducted at coal and metal mines in Australia. Computer simulation of blasting is done using finite element models to determine the extent of crushing and the distribution of fragmentation. Laboratory tests on coal, iron ore and manganese ores and samples of peelings were performed to determine the properties such as fracture toughness and modulus of elasticity. Four different measurement methods are used for fracture toughness, including a V-notch test selected as the standard test method in the future. Simulated blasting was also conducted in the blasting chamber to verify the prediction of the degree of fragmentation by the blasting model.