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在盐栽和池栽条件下,利用~(14)C研究了苹果幼树碳素同化物周年支转特性,试验结果表明;1.新梢各节位叶片~(14)C同化物输出年变化差異很大,在新梢旺长前期,下部叶输出率最高,其次是中部叶,而上部叶最低;至旺长期,下部叶输出达到高峰,中部叶输出急剧增加;停长期~(14)C同化物由向上运转为主转向几乎完全向下运转;停长后,中、下部叶~(14)C同化物输出逐漸下降,而下部叶下降更为严重。相反,上部叶输出率在全年中逐漸增加,到贮藏后期已接近中部叶,超过下部叶的水平;2.碳素同化物前期以主干贮备为主,后期转向以根系贮备为主;3.早春新梢生长所需贮藏营养主要来自根系和二年生枝。当新梢具15片叶时,贮藏营养的利用率达到高峰(15%),即达到营养转換期,贮藏营养在新梢的利用由下到上逐漸减少,以基部1～4片利用率最高。4.~(14)C同化物在不同根层中的分配春季上层根大于下层根,夏季下层根大于上层根,秋季上层根又大于下层根。
The annual branch rotation characteristics of young apple tree carbon assimilates were studied by using ~ (14) C under the conditions of salt-planting and pond-planting. The results showed that: 1. The annual output of ~ (14) In the early stage of shoot growth, the output rate of the lower leaves was the highest, followed by the middle leaves, while the upper leaves were the lowest. In the long term, the output of the lower leaves reached a peak and the output of the middle leaves increased sharply. C assimilate shifted from almost upwards to almost completely downwards. After stopping for longer periods, the output of 14C assimilate in middle and lower leaves decreased gradually while the decline of lower leaves became more serious. On the contrary, the output rate of the upper leaves increased gradually throughout the year, approaching the middle leaves at the late storage stage and surpassing the lower leaves. 2. The main storage of carbon assimilates was mainly in the early stage and the root rotation was mainly in the late stage. Early spring shoot growth needs storage of nutrients mainly from the root system and biennial branches. When the new shoots with 15 leaves, the utilization of storage nutrients reached a peak (15%), that is, to achieve the conversion period of nutrition, storage of nutrients in the use of new shoots gradually reduced from the bottom up to the base of 1-4 utilization highest. Distribution of 14 ~ (14) C assimilates in different root layers The upper roots in spring were larger than the lower roots, the lower roots in summer were larger than the upper roots, and the upper roots were larger than the lower roots in autumn.