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本文总结了十多年来橡胶树营养诊断(叶片分析)指导施肥技术的研究结果,包括叶片采样时间、营养诊断指标和生产上试用的效果。结合我国橡胶树生长情况,研究不同时期叶片养分含量的差异后,确认低部位荫蔽叶片的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁养分含量的差异在7—9月间较小,与施肥的关系表现显著。故以7—9月为叶片分析诊断橡胶树需肥量的适宜采样时间。在此期间采样,诊断的准确性高。研究了不同土壤类型上不同品种、不同生长类型、不同管理下的橡胶树叶片养分含量和施肥效应后,得出生长健康、产量正常的橡胶树叶片营养指标是:氮3.2～3.4％,磷0.21～0.23％,钾0.9～1.1％,钙0.6～1.0％,镁0.35～0.45％。应用此项技术,可以确切地诊断胶树营养状况,据此对症施肥,可以提高肥效,增加产量10～20％。经过田间试验应用的结果,这是符合我国情况的有效技术。
This paper summarizes the research results of rubber tree nutrition diagnosis (leaf analysis) guidance fertilization technology for more than ten years, including leaf sampling time, nutrition diagnosis index and production trial effect. Combined with the growth of rubber tree in our country, the differences of nutrient contents in leaves at different stages were studied to confirm that the differences of nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in shaded leaves at low positions were smaller between July and September and significantly correlated with fertilization . Therefore, from July to September for the blade analysis of rubber trees need fertilizer appropriate sampling time. During this period of sampling, the diagnosis of high accuracy. The nutrient indexes of rubber tree leaves with healthy growth and normal yield were obtained after different nutrient types and fertilization effects under different varieties, different growth types and under different management. The nutritional indexes of the leaves were: nitrogen 3.2 ~ 3.4%, phosphorus 0.21 ~ 0.23 0.9-1.1% potassium, 0.6-1.0% calcium, and 0.35-0.45% magnesium. Application of this technology can accurately diagnose the nutritional status of gum tree, which symptomatic fertilization, can increase fertilizer efficiency, increase the yield of 10 to 20%. After the field test application results, this is an effective technology in line with our situation.