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一提起航天飞机,人们就会想到美国的“发现”号、“奋进”号等航天飞机和俄罗斯的“暴风雪”号航天飞机。可能很少有人知道在上世纪50～70年代,美国和前苏联曾经研究、设计和试验过小型军用航天飞机。这些早期的军用航天飞机虽然中途夭折,但毕竟是现在航天飞机的前身,曾为载人航天的发展提供过宝贵的经验和大量的数据;同时它也反映出冷战时期美、苏两个超级大国在载人航天军事应用领域的激烈竞争,因此值得做一回顾。
When it comes to a space shuttle, people think of the US space shuttle Discovery and Progress Endeavor and Russia’s Blizzard space shuttle. Few people may know that in the 1950s and 1970s, the United States and the former Soviet Union had studied, designed and tested small military space vehicles. Although these early military spacecraft died midway, they were, after all, the precursors of today’s space shuttle. They provided valuable experience and large amounts of data for the development of manned space. At the same time, they also reflected that during the Cold War, the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, Intense competition in the field of manned space military applications is therefore worth reviewing.