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由于立足于现实的人及其历史发展过程,所以马克思视野中的政府和市场的“关系”具有历史性,产生于“人的独立性”对“人的依赖性”的扬弃;随着“自由个性”对“人的独立性”的扬弃,政府和市场的“关系”扬弃为“社会的人”的自我管理。在《资本论》及其手稿中,马克思沿着“原本”和“副本”两条线索批判了“人的独立性”阶段。资本主义自由市场经济条件下,政府和市场“关系”的“胎胞”里孕育、生长的是剩余价值的生产和扩张再生产,以及具有资本主义特征的整个关系的生产和再生产。社会主义市场经济是对自由市场经济的否定和超越,政府和市场“关系”的“胎胞”孕育、生长的是“人民群众物质文化生活水平的提高”和具有社会主义特征的生产关系的生产和再生产。
Because of being based on the reality of people and their historical development process, the “relationship” between the government and the market in Marx’s field of vision is historic and arises from “the independence of people” and “the dependence on people.” With the subordination of “free personality” to “human independence”, the “relationship” of the government and the market is discarded as the self-management of “the people of society.” In Capital and his manuscript, Marx criticized the stage of “human independence” along two clues: “original” and “copy.” Under capitalist free-market economy, the birth and expansion of the surplus-value production and expansion reproduction, as well as the production and reproduction of the entire relationship characterized by capitalism, are inoculated in the “fetal cells” of the government and the market. The socialist market economy is the denial and surpassing of the free market economy, the birth of the “fetal cells” of the government and the market, and the growth of the people’s material and cultural standards of living and socialism Characteristics of the production relations between the production and reproduction.