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目的：探讨定向诱导造血干细胞分化为巨核细胞和血小板的分子机制。方法将脐带造血干细胞培养后，分离巨核细胞，分别提取造血干细胞和巨核细胞总RNA，进行microRNA芯片分析。结果与造血干细胞相比，巨核细胞中表达上调超过2倍的microRNA有183个，下调超过2倍的microRNA有139个。结论造血干细胞和巨核细胞microRNA表达谱存在差异，尤其是多个microRNA与定向分化巨核细胞相关。“,”Objective To elucidate the mechanism of megakaryocyte development and platelet production from hematopoietic stem cells. Methods CD34+ cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and cultivated. Megakaryocytes were puriifed from cultivated CD34+cells.Total RNAs from CD34+cells and megakaryocytes were extracted.Microarray analysis was performed to determine differential expressed microRNAs.Results Differential microRNAs were defined as a statistically significant difference with 2 fold or greater change. Compared with hematopoietic stem cells,183 microRNAs showed higher expression and 139 microRNAs were down-regulated in megakaryocytes.Conclusion The differential expressed microRNAs between hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocytes indicates that some microRNAs play an important role in regulating megakaryocytes differentiation from hematopoietic stem cells.