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动物实验表明，具有中枢作用的阿片和阿片肽类可使儿茶酚胺血浆浓度增加，这种效应反映了交感神经输出的中枢激动作用。本实验证明了p阿片受体激动剂对人儿茶酚胺血浆浓度的升高作用；评价了高效v受体激动剂芬太尼的剂量增加对健康男性体内去甲肾上腺素（NE）和肾上腺素血浆浓?
Animal experiments show that centrally acting opioids and opioids increase catecholaminergic plasma concentrations, which reflect central excitation of sympathetic output. This experiment demonstrates the effect of p-opioid receptor agonist on human catecholamine plasma concentrations; evaluation of the dose-effect of the potent v-receptor agonist fentanyl on norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine plasma concentrations in healthy men ?