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应用多世代联合分析数量性状主基因和多基因混合遗传的统计方法,分析了甘蓝型油菜两个组合的5个世代——亲本P1、P2、F1、F2和F2:3家系材料含油量的遗传效应。结果表明,分离世代F2及F2:3家系含油量次数分布均呈混合的正态分布,符合主基因+多基因的遗传特征。D-2模型是该项研究两个甘蓝型油菜杂交组合含油量的最适遗传模型,含油量的遗传是由一对加性主基因和加-显性多基因共同控制的。组合1(1141B ×垦C1-1)主基因加性效应值为–1.74,表明亲本1141B中主基因位点上的等位基因降低含油量,而亲本垦C1-1中的等位基因增加含油量。多基因加性效应值和显性效应值分别为1.20和-1.93;F2的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力分别为68.21%和27.17%;F2:3的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力分别为81.70%和16.80%。组合2(32B ×垦C1-2)主基因加性效应值为–3.74,表明亲本32B中主基因位点上的等位基因降低含油量,而亲本垦C1-2中的等位基因增加含油量。多基因加性效应值和显性效应值分别为–1.99 和0.93;F2的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力分别为66.20%和28.10%;F2:3的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力为81.00%和14.90%。两组合在F2:3家系世代含油量的主基因遗传力均较F2 高,因此认为高含油量育种中在F2:3家系进行选择效率较高。
The genetic analysis of the oil content of five generations of parents-P1, P2, F1, F2 and F2: 3 pedigree in two combinations of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was carried out using the statistical method of multi-generational joint analysis of quantitative trait gene and polygene mixed inheritance effect. The results showed that the frequency distributions of oil content in F2 and F2: 3 segregating families showed a mixed normal distribution, which was in line with the genetic characteristics of the major genes plus polygenes. The D-2 model is the most suitable genetic model to study the oil content of the two rapeseed cross combinations. The oil content is controlled by a pair of additive major genes and additive-dominance polygenes. The additive effect value of the major gene of combination 1 (1141B × Ken C1-1) was -1.74, indicating that the allele at the major gene locus in parent 1141B reduced oil content while the allele in parent Ken C1-1 increased oil the amount. The additive and dominance values of polygenes were 1.20 and -1.93, respectively. The heritability and polygenetic heritability of major genes of F2 were 68.21% and 27.17% respectively. The heritability and polygenetic heritability of major genes of F2: 3 Respectively 81.70% and 16.80%. The additive effect value of the major gene of combination 2 (32B × Ken C1-2) was -3.74, indicating that the allele at the major gene locus in parent 32B reduced oil content while the allele in parent Ken C1-2 increased oil the amount. The additive and dominance effects of polygenes were -1.99 and 0.93, respectively. The heritability and polygenetic heritability of major genes of F2 were 66.20% and 28.10% respectively. The heritability and polygenetic heritability of major genes of F2: 3 81.00% and 14.90%. The heritability of the major genes of the two combinations in the F2: 3 pedigree was higher than that of the F2. Therefore, it is considered that the selection of the F2: 3 pedigree in the high-oil breeding is more efficient.