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为探寻临近事故模式下驾驶人的视觉应激特性,采用小型乘用车为平台,利用眼动仪对大量被试驾驶人开展了真实道路驾驶试验。采用视频回放方法,从约10~4 km的试验里程中筛选出一系列临近事故危险数据;通过将注视区域划分为当前车道、左侧区域、右侧区域、左后视镜区域、其他区域这5个区域,对驾驶人应激响应过程中的视觉认知特性进行了分析。研究结果表明:驾驶人在应激响应时的平均眨眼频率要低于应激响应前,而注视范围要广于应激响应前;城市道路环境中,驾驶人在应激响应前更多地关注左侧车道和其他区域,而在应激响应时,对于当前车道、右侧车道和左后视镜的关注程度上升,应激响应中驾驶人的注视转移路径主要为当前车道到右侧车道、左侧车道到当前车道;高速公路环境中,驾驶人在应激响应前对左侧车道、左后视镜和其他区域的关注程度要高于应激响应时,应激响应中驾驶人更多地关注当前车道和右侧车道的信息,应激响应中驾驶人的注视转移路径主要为当前车道转移到右侧车道、右侧车道转移到当前车道;在这2类环境下,驾驶人在应激响应中的视觉行为较为灵活,注视范围也较宽阔。
In order to explore the visual stress characteristics of drivers in the vicinity of the accident mode, a small passenger car was used as a platform to conduct a true road driving test on a large number of test drivers using the eye tracker. A series of near-accident risk data were screened out from the test range of about 10 ~ 4 km using the video playback method. By dividing the fixation area into the current lane, the left area, the right area, the left rear view mirror area and the other areas, Five regions were used to analyze the visual cognitive characteristics during driver’s stress response. The results show that the average frequency of driver blinking during stress response is lower than that before stress response, while the fixation range is wider than before stress response. In urban road environment, drivers pay more attention to the stress response Left lane and other areas, while the stress response, the current lane, the right lane and the left rear-view mirror increased the degree of attention, the stress response of the driver’s gaze transfer path mainly for the current lane to the right lane, Left lane to the current lane; motorists in the freeway environment pay more attention to the left lane, left rear-view mirror, and other areas than the stress response before the stress response Focus on the current lane and the right side of the lane information, the stress response of the driver’s gaze transfer path is mainly the current lane to the right lane, the right lane to the current lane; in these two types of environment, the driver should be The stimuli should be more flexible in the visual behavior, watching a wider range.