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贝尔纳与默顿被同时尊称为科学社会学的奠基者,他们开创了科学社会研究的两种进路。通过对他们的比较研究发现,贝尔纳开创广义的科学社会研究传统,宏观多维透视科学与社会,涉及科学的过去、现在和未来,而且关乎与科学相联系的其他领域,贝尔纳眼中的科学是具有时间整体感和空间整体感的动态发展过程。默顿则引领微观的科学体制社会学发展潮流,利用结构功能分析法聚焦科学体制,对科学的社会研究侧重于科学家共同体内部规范的相对静态的描述。可以说,贝尔纳与默顿科学的社会研究进路彼此对立而又互补,从而形成关于科学与社会的完整图景。
Bernard and Merton were both regarded as the founders of the sociology of science at the same time. They initiated the two approaches to the study of the science society. By comparing with them, Bernard found that Bernard started a broad tradition of scientific social research, macroscopic multidimensional perspective of science and society, involving the past, present and future of science, but also related to other fields related to science With the sense of time and the overall sense of space dynamic development process. Merton leads the development trend of microscopic scientific institutional sociology, focuses on the scientific system through structural functional analysis, and focuses on the relatively static description of the internal norms of the scientist community. It can be said that Bernard and Merton's social research approach to opposites and complement each other, thus forming a complete picture of science and society.