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本文主要论述关于地震资料的偏移校正与速度分析相结合的原理,用模型试验记录说明了一些实际问题。证实根据同相轴的规则性对资料进行自适应加权(adaptive weightlng)是有效的,它可以压制由于偏移校正孔径(aperture)有限,空间域及时间域中的有限取样,以及资料中的随机干扰等所产生的虚假成象与噪声背景。速度分析有如“测距法”(range finding methox),在这一方法中,对两种不同的不变炮检距剖面应用正确的速度可使成象相互一致。这个方法无论在出现绕射、界面倾斜或弯曲反射界面时都能奏效。近几年来,偏移校正的地震资料处理已在很大程度上自动化。如已知确切的速度一深度关系,则数字程序对用偏移校正来处理标准地震剖面是很实用的。速度一深度的关系可用不同的方法从共深度点资料取得,也能用半自动数字法取得。最低限度偏移校正处理对陡倾角地区,断层地区,其他地质特点复杂的地区,以及这种方法能起很大作用的地区是肯定适用的。由于速度分析与偏移校正在具有复杂地质构造的地区都能改善资料品质并行之有效,在本文中主要探讨两者相互结合的可能性。
This paper mainly discusses the principle of the combination of offset correction and velocity analysis of seismic data, and illustrates some practical problems with model test records. Confirming that adaptive weighting of data based on the regularity of events is effective, it is possible to suppress the limited sampling due to the limited aperture of aperture correction, spatial domain and time domain, and the random disturbance in data Such as the resulting false imaging and noise background. The speed analysis is like a range finding methox, in which the correct speed is applied to two different constant offset profiles to make the images consistent with each other. This method works in the presence of diffraction, tilted interfaces or curved reflective interfaces. In recent years, offset-corrected seismic data processing has been largely automated. Given the exact velocity-depth relationship, the numerical procedure is useful for dealing with standard seismic profiles using offset correction. The relationship between velocity and depth can be obtained from a total depth data using different methods, and can also be obtained using a semi-automatic digital method. The minimum offset correction is definitely applicable to steeply dipping regions, fault areas, other geologically complex areas, and areas where this method can play a significant role. Since velocity analysis and offset correction can improve the quality of data in areas with complex geological structures and are effective, the paper mainly discusses the possibility of combining the two.