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学界对于《雅典的泰门》中泰门悲剧的解读大都无法脱离两种思路:一种将泰门的倾家荡产和愤世嫉俗归结于对虚伪朋友的一味信任;另一种则认为全剧表现了“金钱对人性的腐蚀”这一命题,而这也正反映了莎士比亚创作晚期对人性的悲观主义认识。本文以为,这两种解读并没有阐释泰门从“慷慨”到“恨世”这一变化过程的伦理本质,也就无法真正彻底解释这部戏剧的悲剧性。本文拟将《雅典的泰门》与文艺复兴伊丽莎白和詹姆士一世时期的伦理、法律、经济状况互为参照,通过文本细读和对文本历史语境的考察,以“伦理身份”切入分析泰门的伦理悲剧,以期阐明该剧所隐含的早期现代英国社会中普遍存在的伦理焦虑及其背后的政治经济原因。
Most scholars can not deviate from two kinds of train of thought about the tragedy of Tai-Tai Men in the “Tai-Man of Athens”: one is to attribute the bankruptcy and cynicism of Tai-Men to blind faith in the hypocritical friends; the other is that the whole play shows “ Money on the erosion of human nature, ”which is also a reflection of the pessimistic understanding of human nature in the late Shakespearean writing. This article argues that these two interpretations do not explain the ethical essence of the process of the evolution of the Thai Gate from “generous ” to “hating the world ”, and can not really completely explain the tragedy of this drama. This article intends to refer to “the Thai Gate of Athens” and the ethical, legal and economic conditions during the renaissance of Elizabeth and James I. Through the careful reading of the texts and the investigation of the historical context of the texts, with “ethical status” Analyzes the ethical tragedy of Tymen with a view to clarifying the ethical anxiety prevailing in the early modern British society implied by the play and the political and economic reasons behind it.