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针对海上钻井平台作业过程中井喷失控后的天然气泄漏扩散问题,基于计算流体动力学(CFD)理论,建立海上钻井平台井喷事故后果的预测与评估模型。选取静风、全年平均风速和季风风速3种典型风况,对船艏、船艉、左舷和右舷来风条件下井喷天然气的运动行为及危险区域的分布规律进行模拟和分析。结果表明:井喷失控40 s后钻台区域井喷气体体积分数达到动态稳定值,甲烷较乙烷危险区域大,且受风况影响明显;10 min后悬臂梁和主甲板上井喷气体体积分数也达到动态稳定值;悬臂梁内部甲烷气体形成了较大范围的危险区域,易导致剧烈爆炸事故;船艏、船艉来风和低风速条件易造成可燃气体在生活楼或钻台区域通风效果较差的位置聚集;左、右舷来风和高风速条件有利于平台可燃气体的稀释和消散;风速越大,可燃气体对平台危害程度越小。
Aiming at the problem of leakage and diffusion of natural gas after blowout uncontrolled during the operation of offshore drilling platform, a prediction and evaluation model of the blowout accident of offshore drilling platform is established based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Three types of typical wind conditions such as static wind, average annual wind speed and monsoon wind speed are selected to simulate and analyze the movement behavior of blowhole natural gas and the distribution of hazardous areas under the wind coming from the stern, stern, starboard and starboard sides. The results show that after 40 s of blowout, the blowout gas volume fraction reaches a dynamic stability value in the drilling rig area, the methane is larger than the hazard zone of ethane and is obviously affected by the wind conditions. After 10 min, the volume fraction of blowhole gas in the cantilever beams and main deck also reaches Dynamic stability; the cantilever internal methane gas formed a wide range of dangerous areas, easily lead to violent explosions; stern, stern winds and low wind speed conditions can easily lead to flammable gas in the living floor or drill floor ventilation area less effective The wind and high wind speed conditions on the left and starboard sides are favorable for the dilution and dissipation of the flammable gas on the platform. The larger the wind speed, the less harmful the flammable gas is to the platform.