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目的分析2009-2014年湖北省宜昌市手足口病的流行特征和空间分布特点,为宜昌市手足口病预防控制工作提供依据。方法利用宜昌市2009-2014年中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统中手足口病个案信息、采取描述性流行病学方法和地理信息系统技术进行分析。结果 2009-2014年宜昌市报告手足口病28 864例,发病呈现出“隔年高发”的趋势(χ~2=477.82,P<0.001),重症2例,无死亡病例报告。发病高峰为4-6月,次高峰11-12月。发病具有明显的时空聚集性,主要集中在宜昌中心城区。以5岁以下儿童发病为主,男性高于女性,性别比为1.41:1,职业分布以散居儿童(46.02%)和幼托儿童(48.02%)为主。结论宜昌市手足口病呈“隔年高发”的流行特征,各县(市区)间流行强度不同,且季节性变化规律存在差异。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and spatial distribution characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Yichang City, Hubei Province from 2009 to 2014, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease in Yichang City. Methods Based on the case information of hand, foot and mouth disease in Yichang City, China from 2009 to 2014, a descriptive epidemiological method and geographic information system (GIS) technique were used to analyze the cases. Results A total of 28 864 HFMD cases were reported from 2009 to 2014 in Yichang City. The incidence of HFMD showed a trend of “high incidence in next year” (χ ~ 2 = 477.82, P <0.001), severe cases in 2 cases and no deaths. The peak incidence of 4 - 6 months, the second peak 11-12 months. The incidence of significant spatial and temporal aggregation, mainly in central city Yichang. The prevalence of children under 5 years old was the highest, while that of males was higher than that of females. The sex ratio was 1.41: 1. The occupational distribution was dominated by scattered children (46.02%) and preschool children (48.02%). Conclusion Hand-foot-mouth disease in Yichang City is characterized by the epidemic characteristics of “high incidence in next year”. The epidemic intensity varies among counties (cities and districts), and there are differences in the seasonal variation.