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书院兴起于唐代。其时书院分官办与民办两种,都有一套严格的教学、行政管理组织,主持人称山长、山主或洞正、洞堂等。教学人员称副山长、助教、书佛等。书院经济独立,有学田作为经费来源,供学生膳食。并有由私人捐赠或国家颁发的图书供教学之用。 宋代时书院发展到鼎盛阶段,这与当时太学所暴露出的各种腐败弊端有关,对此朱熹曾指出,“所谓太学者,但为声利之场,而掌其教事者,不过取其善为科举之文,而尝得
The academy rose in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, both the branch office and the private branch of the Academy had a strict set of teaching and administrative management organizations. The host called Shan Chang, Shan Zhu or Dong Zheng, and Dong Tang. The teaching staff called the deputy leader, assistant teacher, and Buddha. The college is economically independent and has Xuetian as a source of funding for student meals. There are also private donations or nationally issued books for teaching purposes. In the Song Dynasty, when the Academy developed into its peak stage, it was related to various corruption problems exposed by the then Taixue. Zhu Xi once pointed out that “the so-called Tai scholars, but the field for the sake of sound and profit, and their teaching staff, but take it Good for the Imperial Examination, and tasted