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目的探讨学龄前儿童贫血与体格发育之间的关系。方法数据来源于北京大学生育健康研究所2000年对河北、江苏和浙江3省21个县市3～6岁儿童所作的随访研究和相关围产保健监测资料。按儿童血红蛋白水平分为正常组、轻度贫血组、中重度贫血组,分别比较各组的身高、体重、BMI、年龄别身高Z评分、年龄别体重Z评分,以及生长迟缓率和体重低下率。结果各年龄段贫血儿童的身高、体重均值显著低于正常组。3～、4～、5～、6～7岁各年龄组轻度贫血男童比正常男童平均身高分别小0.65、0.69、0.94、1.42cm,平均体重分别少0.22、0.18、0.38、0.63kg;而各年龄组轻度贫血女童比正常女童平均身高分别低0.93、0.74、0.88、1.71cm,平均体重分别少0.29、0.22、0.35、0.78kg,以上差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。调整儿童出生体重、城乡地区、母亲身高、母亲初次孕检BMI、母亲文化程度、母亲职业后,轻度贫血儿童发生生长迟缓的危险是非贫血儿童的1.37倍(OR=1.37),而发生体重低下的危险是非贫血儿童的1.32倍(OR=1.32)。结论儿童贫血与体格发育密切相关,应在促进儿童生长发育的同时防治儿童贫血。
Objective To explore the relationship between anemia and physical development in preschool children. Methods Data were collected from the Institute of Reproductive Health, Peking University in 2000 on follow-up studies and related perinatal health monitoring data for children aged 3-6 in 21 counties and cities in Hebei, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. According to the level of hemoglobin, children were divided into normal group, mild anemia group and moderate-severe anemia group. The height, weight, BMI, age-specific Z score, age-specific weight Z score, growth retardation and weight loss . Results The mean height and weight of anemic children of all ages were significantly lower than those of the normal group. 3 ~, 4 ~, 5 ~, 6 ~ 7 years old age group of mild anemia boys than the average height of normal boys were 0.65,0.69,0.94,1.42cm, the average body weight less 0.22,0.18,0.38,0.63kg ; While the average age of mild anemia girls than normal girls were 0.93,0.74,0.88,1.71cm lower average body weight respectively less 0.29,0.22,0.35,0.78kg, the above differences were significant (P <0.05). The risk of growth retardation in children with mild anemia was 1.37 times more than that in non-anemic children (OR = 1.37) after adjusting for birth weight, urban and rural areas, mother’s height, mother’s first pregnancy test BMI, mother’s education and mother’s occupation, The risk is 1.32 times that of non-anemic children (OR = 1.32). Conclusion Child anemia is closely related to physical development. Child anemia should be prevented while promoting the growth and development of children.