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受明代理学思潮影响,桐城学者大都终生恪守宋明理学,形成了理学兴乡的局面。其初始阶段代表人物方学渐的“性至善”说和“黜虚求实”的心学思想揭开了桐城理学的序幕。其勃兴阶段主要人物方大镇、吴应宾、王宣等人开始兼收并蓄,三教会通,崇尚实学,为桐城理学的辉煌打下了基础。其成熟阶段主要人物方孔炤、方以智等创立了一套哲学与科学紧密结合的学说,形成了桐城独具特色的学术风格。方中德、方中通、方中履皆以遗民身份自居,绝意仕进,隐居乡里,对明代桐城理学作了一个很好的收结。
Influenced by the trend of Neo-Confucianism, most of the Tongcheng scholars abided by the Neo-Confucianism of Song and Ming Dynasties and formed the situation of rejuvenating the Neo-Confucianism. Its initial stage represents the beginning of the Tong Cheng Neo-Confucianism, which represents the gradual improvement of the character “Xue Zhi Shan” and the thought of “virtual reality”. The main characters of the stage of the vigorous stage of the town, Wu Yingbin, Wang Xuan and others began eclectic, three Church links, advocating real learning, for the brilliant Tongcheng Neo-Confucianism laid the foundation. The mature stage of the main characters Fang Kong 炤, Fang Yizhi and other founding a philosophy and science closely integrated doctrine, forming a distinctive academic style of Tongcheng. Fang Zhongde, Fang Zhongtong and Fang Zhonglu both assumed their own status as insurgents. They absolutely wanted to go into seclusion and live in seclusion in the hometown. They made a good conclusion to Tongcheng Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty.