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碳水化合物脂肪酸酯(CFAE)作为一类非离子型生物表面活性剂,被广泛用于食品、医药及化妆品工业,一些CFAE还具有抗菌、抗肿瘤等特殊生物活性。非水介质中酶促区域选择性合成CFAE反应的瓶颈在于高极性碳水化合物与酰基供体不易相溶,并具有多个可酰化羟基。传统有机溶剂虽能提高极性底物在体系中溶解度,但常使酶活下降。新型绿色介质离子液体用于CFAE的酶法合成过程具有诸多优点,不仅生物催化剂能维持较好的活性与稳定性,且良好的底物溶解性可改善反应区域选择性及转化速率,反应体系还可重复利用。本文介绍了离子液体中影响酶促区域选择性合成CFAE反应的主要因素,包括酶、底物在离子液体中的溶解性能及底物自身性质等,详述了离子液体中酶促制备CFAE的研究进展,也指出了酶促合成CFAE存在的问题与发展前景。
As a kind of nonionic biosurfactant, carbohydrate fatty acid ester (CFAE) is widely used in food, medicine and cosmetics industries. Some CFAEs also have special biological activities such as anti-bacterial and anti-tumor. The bottleneck for the selective synthesis of the enzymatic regioselective CFAE reaction in non-aqueous media is that highly polar carbohydrates are not readily miscible with the acyl donor and have multiple acylatable hydroxyl groups. Although the traditional organic solvents can improve the solubility of polar substrates in the system, but often make enzyme activity decreased. The novel green media ionic liquids have many advantages for the enzymatic synthesis of CFAE. Not only the biocatalyst can maintain good activity and stability, but also the good substrate solubility can improve the selectivity and conversion rate of the reaction region. The reaction system Reusable. In this paper, the main factors influencing the selective synthesis of CFAE in the enzymatic region are introduced in this paper, including the enzymatic and substrate solubilities in ionic liquids and the properties of the substrate. The studies on the enzymatic preparation of CFAE in ionic liquids Progress, but also pointed out the problems and prospects of enzymatic synthesis of CFAE.