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感染性疾病有别于其它疾病,其发病上存在病原微生物。病原微生物包括病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫等生物,由于它们都是活的生物而常发生基因变异故可促成病态改变为感染性疾病的特征之一。2002年由SARS造成的病毒性感染性疾病,至今仍记忆犹新。2004年伊始以东南亚为中心暴发了高致病性禽流感并有人类病例发生,迄今仍无终止迹象反而患者数逐年增加。今后很有可能出现对人具有感染性的变异株,从而酿成新型流感病毒再次暴发的世界性大流行。HIV感染也是重要的病毒性感染性疾病,其治疗已有进步,目前的主流疗法是采用HAART每日给药1次方案。耐药性细菌作为院内感染等的病原微生物已构成棘手问题。MRSA不仅是院内而且也是生活中健康人感染性疾病的原因,对于耐药性绿脓杆菌目前尚没有抗菌药物,新型用药仍待开发。近年虽有针对深部真菌感染的药物相继研发成功,但其新型强效种类犹待拓展。
Infectious diseases are different from other diseases, the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites and other organisms, because they are all living organisms and gene mutations can often lead to pathological changes into one of the characteristics of infectious diseases. The virus-borne diseases caused by SARS in 2002 are still fresh in our memory. Since the beginning of 2004, the outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza in Southeast Asia has been taking place and human cases have occurred. There are still no signs of termination so far but the number of patients has been increasing year by year. In the future, it is very likely that human-like mutants will emerge, leading to a worldwide pandemic in which a new type of influenza virus has once again erupted. HIV infection is also an important viral infectious disease and its treatment has progressed. The current mainstream therapy is HAART once daily. Drug-resistant bacteria as pathogenic microorganisms such as nosocomial infections pose a thorny issue. MRSA is not only the hospital but also the cause of infectious diseases in healthy people in life. There is no antimicrobial drug for resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, so new drug needs to be developed. In recent years, although the drugs targeting deep fungal infections have been successfully developed, their new and powerful species still continue to expand.