论文部分内容阅读
一、英国职业资格改革的背景80年代中期,英国的教育制度和体系在提高劳动者素质和能力以及参与国际竞争上,遇到严峻的挑战,导致英国的职业资格体系发生了巨大的变化,它给国家职业教育与培训体系带来了一场革命.旧的教育体系提供给青年人的职业资格和产业部门通过的培训提供的资格之间有一道深深的鸿沟.大部分完成义务教育(在英国是16岁)的年轻人面临的只有一次选择:或进入大学继续学习,或接受与就业有关的培训,多数年轻人不能进入大学,他们在没有任何职业准备时就进入了就业市场.然而,每一产业部门和大部分企业独自确定它们的培训水平,众多的职业资格并不形成一个国家体系,而是“资格大杂烩”.很多转岗的人发现,很难使他们的技能在劳动力市场的其他部门得到承认,雇主也发现很难为从其他产业部门雇来的人进行低成本的再培训.
I. Background of British Vocational Qualifications Reform In the mid-1980s, the British education system and system encountered serious challenges in improving the quality and ability of workers and participating in international competition. As a result, the British vocational qualification system has undergone tremendous changes. Brought about a revolution in the national system of vocational education and training with a deep divide between the vocational qualifications offered to young people by the old education system and the qualifications provided by the training offered by the industrial sector.Most of the compulsory education was completed Young people in the United Kingdom, age 16, are faced with only one option: to enter university to continue their studies or to receive employment-related training, most young people can not enter university, and they enter the job market without any job preparation.However, Each industry sector and most businesses determine their own level of training alone, and numerous occupational qualifications do not form a national system but “a hodgepodge of qualifications.” Many migrants find it hard to bring their skills to the rest of the labor market The department has been acknowledged that employers also find it difficult to carry out low-cost retraining for people hired from other industries.