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【目的】探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童动机水平的延迟厌恶功能特征。【方法】运用两种选择延迟任务对100名ADHD儿童及对照组儿童分别进行延迟厌恶测试,采用多变量方差分析/协方差分析进行统计。【结果】总体发现,两组儿童在延迟厌恶功能上差异有统计学意义(P=0.009),单因素方差分析显示ADHD组儿童在选择延迟任务1中选择等待30 s后得到“2分”的圆的次数明显少于对照组儿童,而选择等待2 s后等到“1分”的圆的次数明显多于对照组儿童(P=0.013),其反应时也明显长于后者(P=0.027),控制FIQ协方差分析结果显示差异仍具有统计学意义,表明ADHD儿童倾向于选择等待时间短而得分低的任务;在选择延迟任务2中两组儿童之间无显著性差异。【结论】ADHD儿童存在明显的延迟厌恶;延迟厌恶可能是ADHD的发病机制之一。
【Objective】 To investigate the features of delayed aversion in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 【Method】 Two kinds of selective delayed tasks were used to test the delay aversion in 100 children with ADHD and control children, respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance / covariance was used for statistical analysis. 【Results】 Overall, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the function of delay aversion (P = 0.009). One-way analysis of variance showed that children in ADHD group chose “2 points ”Rounds significantly less than the control group children, and choose to wait for 2 s after the“ 1 minute ”round significantly more than the control group children (P = 0.013), the response time is significantly longer than the latter P = 0.027). The results of FIQ covariance analysis showed that the difference was still statistically significant, indicating that children with ADHD tended to choose short wait times with low scores. There was no significant difference between the two groups in select delay tasks 2. 【Conclusion】 Children with ADHD have obvious delay aversion; delayed aversion may be one of the pathogenesis of ADHD.