论文部分内容阅读
肿瘤细胞表面异常表达的糖抗原为肿瘤糖疫苗的研究提供了合适的靶标,然而由于这些糖抗原的免疫原性较差,这又给糖疫苗的发展带来了很大的困难。本文概述了近年来科学工作者在提高肿瘤糖疫苗的免疫原性方面所做的努力:半合成的肿瘤糖疫苗将糖抗原与蛋白共价连接,已经有很多疫苗进入了临床试验;随后发展的全合成的肿瘤糖疫苗将糖抗原、T细胞表位和内源性佐剂共价连接,使疫苗的结构和组成更加确定;基于细胞代谢糖工程的肿瘤糖疫苗将非天然的糖疫苗与细胞表面代谢糖工程相结合,得到了强烈的免疫应答;某些基于天然糖抗原结构修饰的疫苗产生的抗体也可以与天然糖抗原发生交叉反应,这为肿瘤糖疫苗的发展提供了新的方向。
The abnormal expression of carbohydrate antigens on the surface of tumor cells provides a suitable target for the study of tumor glycoconjugates. However, due to the poor immunogenicity of these carbohydrate antigens, it brings great difficulties to the development of sugar vaccines. This article outlines recent efforts by scientists to improve the immunogenicity of oncology sugar vaccines: semi-synthetic oncolytic carbohydrate vaccines covalently link carbohydrate antigens to proteins and many vaccines have entered clinical trials; subsequently developed The fully synthetic tumor sugar vaccine covalently links carbohydrate antigens, T-cell epitopes, and endogenous adjuvants to make the vaccine more robust in terms of the structure and composition of the vaccine; oncology sugar vaccines based on cellular metabolic glycogen engineering combine non-natural carbohydrate vaccines with cells Surface-bound sugar engineering, has been a strong immune response; some antibodies based on natural sugar antigen-modified vaccine can also cross-react with natural sugar antigen, which provides a new direction for the development of tumor sugar vaccine.